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# Internet access (/docs/network/internet-access)
Related: [Sandbox public URL](/docs/network/public-url.md), [Restricting public access](/docs/network/restrict-public-access.md), [Proxy tunneling](/docs/network/ip-tunneling.md), [Custom domain](/docs/network/custom-domain.md), [Docker](/docs/template/examples/docker.md)
Every sandbox has outbound access to the internet by default. You can control and restrict this access to fit security-sensitive workloads, from a simple on/off switch to fine-grained allow and deny lists.
To expose services running inside the sandbox to the outside world, see [Sandbox public URL](/docs/network/public-url).
## Controlling internet access
You can control whether a sandbox has access to the internet by using the `allowInternetAccess` / `allow_internet_access` parameter when creating a sandbox. By default, internet access is enabled, but you can disable it for security-sensitive workloads.
```js title="JavaScript & TypeScript"
import { Sandbox } from 'e2b'
// Create sandbox with internet access enabled (default)
const sandbox = await Sandbox.create({ allowInternetAccess: true })
// Create sandbox without internet access
const isolatedSandbox = await Sandbox.create({ allowInternetAccess: false })
```
```python title="Python"
from e2b import Sandbox
# Create sandbox with internet access enabled (default)
sandbox = Sandbox.create(allow_internet_access=True)
# Create sandbox without internet access
isolated_sandbox = Sandbox.create(allow_internet_access=False)
```
When internet access is disabled, the sandbox cannot make outbound network connections, which provides an additional layer of security for sensitive code execution.
Setting `allowInternetAccess` / `allow_internet_access` to a falsy value is equivalent to setting `network.denyOut` / `network.deny_out` to `['0.0.0.0/0']` (denying all traffic).
## Fine-grained network control
For more granular control over network access, you can use the network configuration option to specify allow and deny lists for outbound traffic.
### Allow and deny lists
You can specify IP addresses, CIDR blocks, or domain names that the sandbox is allowed to use:
```js title="JavaScript & TypeScript"
import { Sandbox } from 'e2b'
// Deny all traffic except specific IPs
const sandbox = await Sandbox.create({
network: {
denyOut: ({ allTraffic }) => [allTraffic], // allTraffic === '0.0.0.0/0'
allowOut: ['1.1.1.1', '8.8.8.0/24']
}
})
// Deny specific IPs only
const restrictedSandbox = await Sandbox.create({
network: {
denyOut: ['8.8.8.8']
}
})
```
```python title="Python"
from e2b import Sandbox
# Deny all traffic except specific IPs
sandbox = Sandbox.create(
network={
"deny_out": lambda ctx: [ctx.all_traffic], # ctx.all_traffic == "0.0.0.0/0"
"allow_out": ["1.1.1.1", "8.8.8.0/24"]
}
)
# Deny specific IPs only
restricted_sandbox = Sandbox.create(
network={
"deny_out": ["8.8.8.8"]
}
)
```
The selector callback (`({ allTraffic }) => [allTraffic]` / `lambda ctx: [ctx.all_traffic]`) is the recommended way to express "all traffic" (`0.0.0.0/0`). The `ALL_TRAFFIC` constant remains exported for backward compatibility.
### Domain-based filtering
You can allow traffic to specific domains by specifying hostnames in `allowOut` / `allow_out`. When using domain-based filtering, you must deny all other traffic in `denyOut` / `deny_out`. Domains are not supported in the deny lists.
```js title="JavaScript & TypeScript"
import { Sandbox } from 'e2b'
// Allow only traffic to google.com
const sandbox = await Sandbox.create({
network: {
allowOut: ['google.com'],
denyOut: ({ allTraffic }) => [allTraffic]
}
})
```
```python title="Python"
from e2b import Sandbox
# Allow only traffic to google.com
sandbox = Sandbox.create(
network={
"allow_out": ["google.com"],
"deny_out": lambda ctx: [ctx.all_traffic]
}
)
```
When any domain is used, the default nameserver `8.8.8.8` is automatically allowed to ensure proper DNS resolution.
You can also use wildcards to allow all subdomains of a domain:
```js title="JavaScript & TypeScript"
import { Sandbox } from 'e2b'
// Allow traffic to any subdomain of mydomain.com
const sandbox = await Sandbox.create({
network: {
allowOut: ['*.mydomain.com'],
denyOut: ({ allTraffic }) => [allTraffic]
}
})
```
```python title="Python"
from e2b import Sandbox
# Allow traffic to any subdomain of mydomain.com
sandbox = Sandbox.create(
network={
"allow_out": ["*.mydomain.com"],
"deny_out": lambda ctx: [ctx.all_traffic]
}
)
```
You can combine domain names with IP addresses and CIDR blocks:
```js title="JavaScript & TypeScript"
import { Sandbox } from 'e2b'
// Allow traffic to specific domains and IPs
const sandbox = await Sandbox.create({
network: {
allowOut: ['api.example.com', '*.github.com', '8.8.8.8'],
denyOut: ({ allTraffic }) => [allTraffic]
}
})
```
```python title="Python"
from e2b import Sandbox
# Allow traffic to specific domains and IPs
sandbox = Sandbox.create(
network={
"allow_out": ["api.example.com", "*.github.com", "8.8.8.8"],
"deny_out": lambda ctx: [ctx.all_traffic]
}
)
```
Domain-based filtering only works for HTTP traffic on port 80 (via Host header inspection) and TLS traffic on port 443 (via SNI inspection). Traffic on other ports uses CIDR-based filtering only. UDP-based protocols like QUIC/HTTP3 are not supported for domain filtering.
### Behavior of blocked TCP connections
Due to firewall design, blocked connections may appear successful from inside the sandbox.
The firewall has to accept the connection first before it can decide whether the destination is allowed. This means that, from inside the sandbox, a TCP connection can succeed and report the socket as open even when the destination is denied - no packets actually reach the destination.
To verify that traffic is reaching its destination, check for an application-level response (e.g. an HTTP status code, a TLS handshake, or expected protocol bytes) rather than relying on the TCP connection succeeding.
This is a limitation of how outbound traffic is currently routed from the sandbox to our firewall and may change in the future.
### Priority rules
When both allow and deny rules are specified, **allow rules always take precedence** over deny rules. This means if an IP address is in both lists, it will be allowed.
```js title="JavaScript & TypeScript"
import { Sandbox } from 'e2b'
// Even though all traffic is denied, 1.1.1.1 and 8.8.8.8 are explicitly allowed
const sandbox = await Sandbox.create({
network: {
denyOut: ({ allTraffic }) => [allTraffic],
allowOut: ['1.1.1.1', '8.8.8.8']
}
})
```
```python title="Python"
from e2b import Sandbox
# Even though all traffic is denied, 1.1.1.1 and 8.8.8.8 are explicitly allowed
sandbox = Sandbox.create(
network={
"deny_out": lambda ctx: [ctx.all_traffic],
"allow_out": ["1.1.1.1", "8.8.8.8"]
}
)
```
### Per-host request transforms
Per-host request transforms are currently in public beta. You can start using them right away, no need to request access.
Please keep in mind that this feature is still in active development, and the features and ways of interacting with it might change during this period.
If you have any questions or feedback, please [reach out to us](https://e2b.dev/dashboard?support=true). Any input is greatly appreciated.
You can register per-host rules under `network.rules` to apply transforms (for example, inject HTTP headers) on outbound requests matching a host. Rules are keyed by host and registering one does **not** grant egress on its own — the host must still be referenced via `allowOut` / `allow_out`.
The `transform.headers` object is sent on the wire as-is and injected by the egress proxy on matching HTTP/HTTPS requests.
```js title="JavaScript & TypeScript"
import { Sandbox } from 'e2b'
await Sandbox.create({
network: {
// Only allow egress to hosts that have rules registered.
allowOut: ({ rules }) => [...rules.keys()],
// Deny all other traffic
denyOut: ({ allTraffic }) => [allTraffic],
// Register per-host rules
rules: {
'api.example.com': [
{
transform: {
headers: { 'X-Header': 'Content' },
},
},
],
},
},
})
```
```python title="Python"
from e2b import Sandbox
sandbox = Sandbox.create(
network={
# Only allow egress to hosts that have rules registered.
"allow_out": lambda ctx: list(ctx.rules.keys()),
# Deny all other traffic
"deny_out": lambda ctx: [ctx.all_traffic],
# Register per-host rules
"rules": {
"api.example.com": [
{
"transform": {
"headers": {"X-Header": "Content"},
},
},
],
},
},
)
```
In JavaScript, `network.rules` accepts either a plain object or a `Map`:
```js title="JavaScript & TypeScript"
const rules = new Map([
['api.example.com', [{ transform: { headers: { 'X-Trace': 'on' } } }]],
])
await Sandbox.create({
network: { allowOut: ({ rules }) => [...rules.keys()], rules },
})
```
### Updating network settings on a running sandbox
You can update the network configuration of an already running sandbox using `updateNetwork` (JavaScript) or `update_network` (Python). This replaces the current egress rules with the provided configuration without restarting the sandbox.
```js title="JavaScript & TypeScript"
import { Sandbox } from 'e2b'
const sandbox = await Sandbox.create()
// Tighten egress on the running sandbox: block 8.8.8.8
await sandbox.updateNetwork({
denyOut: ['8.8.8.8'],
})
// Replace with an allow-list only
await sandbox.updateNetwork({
denyOut: ({ allTraffic }) => [allTraffic],
allowOut: ['api.example.com'],
})
// Toggle internet access without recreating the sandbox
await sandbox.updateNetwork({ allowInternetAccess: false })
```
```python title="Python"
from e2b import Sandbox
sandbox = Sandbox.create()
# Tighten egress on the running sandbox: block 8.8.8.8
sandbox.update_network({"deny_out": ["8.8.8.8"]})
# Replace with an allow-list only
sandbox.update_network({
"deny_out": lambda ctx: [ctx.all_traffic],
"allow_out": ["api.example.com"],
})
# Toggle internet access without recreating the sandbox
sandbox.update_network({"allow_internet_access": False})
```
`updateNetwork` / `update_network` **replaces** the current egress configuration — it does not merge with the existing rules. Calling it with an empty object (`updateNetwork({})` / `update_network({})`) clears all allow and deny rules set at create time.
Create-only options such as `allowPublicTraffic` / `allow_public_traffic`, `maskRequestHost` / `mask_request_host` and network rules in `network.rules` cannot be changed after the sandbox is created.