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# Upload data to sandbox (/docs/filesystem/upload)

<!-- agent-signals: reading_time_min: 3 · est_tokens: 1131 · updated: 2026-07-30 -->
Related: [Download data from sandbox](/docs/filesystem/download.md), [Get information about a file or directory](/docs/filesystem/info.md), [Attach custom metadata to files](/docs/filesystem/metadata.md), [Read & write files](/docs/filesystem/read-write.md), [Watch sandbox directory for changes](/docs/filesystem/watch.md)

You can upload data to the sandbox using the `files.write()` method.

## Upload single file

<CodeGroup>
```js title="JavaScript & TypeScript"
import fs from 'fs'
import { Sandbox } from 'e2b'

const sandbox = await Sandbox.create()

// Read file from local filesystem
const content = fs.readFileSync('/local/path')
// Upload file to sandbox
await sandbox.files.write('/path/in/sandbox', content)
```

```python title="Python"
from e2b import Sandbox

sandbox = Sandbox.create()

# Read file from local filesystem
with open("path/to/local/file", "rb") as file:
  # Upload file to sandbox
  sandbox.files.write("/path/in/sandbox", file)
```
</CodeGroup>

## Upload with pre-signed URL

Sometimes, you may want to let users from unauthorized environments, like a browser, upload files to the sandbox.
For this use case, you can use pre-signed URLs to let users upload files securely.

All you need to do is create a sandbox with the `secure: true` option. An upload URL will then be generated with a signature that allows only authorized users to upload files.
You can optionally set an expiration time for the URL so that it will be valid only for a limited time.

<CodeGroup>
```js title="JavaScript & TypeScript"
import { Sandbox } from 'e2b'

// Start a secured sandbox (all operations must be authorized by default)
const sandbox = await Sandbox.create(template, { secure: true })

// Create a pre-signed URL for file upload with a 10 second expiration
const publicUploadUrl = await sandbox.uploadUrl(
  'demo.txt', {
    useSignatureExpiration: 10_000, // optional
  },
)

// Upload a file with a pre-signed URL (this can be used in any environment, such as a browser)
const form = new FormData()
form.append('file', 'file content')

await fetch(publicUploadUrl, { method: 'POST', body: form })

// File is now available in the sandbox and you can read it
const content = sandbox.files.read('/path/in/sandbox')
```

```python title="Python"
from e2b import Sandbox
import requests

# Start a secured sandbox (all operations must be authorized by default)
sandbox = Sandbox.create(timeout=12_000, secure=True)

# Create a pre-signed URL for file upload with a 10 second expiration
signed_url = sandbox.upload_url(path="demo.txt", user="user", use_signature_expiration=10_000)

form_data = {"file":"file content"}
requests.post(signed_url, data=form_data)

# File is now available in the sandbox and you can read it
content = sandbox.files.read('/path/in/sandbox')
```
</CodeGroup>

## Upload directory / multiple files

<CodeGroup>
```js title="JavaScript & TypeScript"
import { Sandbox } from 'e2b'

const sandbox = await Sandbox.create()

// Read all files in the directory and store their paths and contents in an array
const readDirectoryFiles = (directoryPath) => {
  // Read all files in the local directory
  const files = fs.readdirSync(directoryPath);

  // Map files to objects with path and data
  const filesArray = files
    .filter(file => {
      const fullPath = path.join(directoryPath, file);
      // Skip if it's a directory
      return fs.statSync(fullPath).isFile();
    })
    .map(file => {
      const filePath = path.join(directoryPath, file);
    
      // Read the content of each file
      return {
        path: filePath,
        data: fs.readFileSync(filePath, 'utf8')
      };
    });

  return filesArray;
};

// Usage example
const files = readDirectoryFiles('/local/dir');
console.log(files); 
// [
//   { path: '/local/dir/file1.txt', data: 'File 1 contents...' },
//   { path: '/local/dir/file2.txt', data: 'File 2 contents...' },
//   ...
// ]

await sandbox.files.write(files)
```

```python title="Python"
import os
from e2b import Sandbox

sandbox = Sandbox.create()

def read_directory_files(directory_path):
    files = []
    
    # Iterate through all files in the directory
    for filename in os.listdir(directory_path):
        file_path = os.path.join(directory_path, filename)
        
        # Skip if it's a directory
        if os.path.isfile(file_path):
            # Read file contents in binary mode
            with open(file_path, "rb") as file:
                files.append({
                    'path': file_path,
                    'data': file.read()
                })
    
    return files

files = read_directory_files("/local/dir")
print(files)
# [
#  {"path": "/local/dir/file1.txt", "data": "File 1 contents..." },
#   { "path": "/local/dir/file2.txt", "data": "File 2 contents..." },
#   ...
# ]

sandbox.files.write_files(files)
```
</CodeGroup>